Ionic liquids refer to salts that are mainly composed of organic cations and inorganic or organic anions that are liquid at or near room temperature. They have many unique properties that other solvents cannot match. Compared with traditional liquid substances, ionic liquids are entirely composed of ions. Compared with conventional pure ionic substances, it is liquid at room temperature, has almost zero vapor pressure, is colorless and odorless, has better chemical stability, a wider electrochemical stable potential window and temperature stability range. There are many types of anions and cations in ionic liquids. Common cations include quaternary ammonium salts, phosphonium-based ionic liquids, pyridinium salts, imidazole salts, and pyridinium salts. Among them, low-melting phosphonium-based ionic liquids are widely known as bacteriostatic agents, phase transfer catalysts and wittig reagents. As a green reaction medium, phosphonium-based ionic liquids has received many applications and attentions.
Figure 1. The general chemical structure formula of Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids
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