Ionic liquid refers to a salt composed of ions that is liquid at room temperature or low temperature. The number of cations and anions in the ionic liquid is equal, and it is macroscopically neutral. There are many types of ionic liquids, and the current researches are mainly imidazoles, pyridines, quaternary phosphorus and quaternary ammonium cations. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids are widely used as green solvents, not only because of some basic physical and chemical properties of the ionic liquid, but also because of its designability. Imidazole contains two meta-nitrogen atoms, and different groups can be introduced into the nitrogen atoms to prepare monosubstituted imidazolium-based ionic liquids, disubstituted imidazolium-based ionic liquids and trisubstituted imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Due to the properties and advantages of imidazolium-based ionic liquids, they are widely used in chemical reactions, electrochemistry, and separation processes.
Figure 1. Imidazole cations with different numbers of substituents
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